bring on today with comcast business. powering possibilities.™ -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com elizabeth ii is preparing for her coronation. soon she will be crowned queen. she is just 27 years old. the future of the house of windsor rests on her shoulders.

>> all of us here know that we are present at the making of history. >> as the queen takes her first cautious steps as monarch, she is torn between the palace old guard led by her mother and those like her husband, philip, who want change. with scandals swirling around her sister margaret threatening to tarnish her reign, the queen must assert her power, sacrificing the happiness of those she loves. >> february 1952. elizabeth ii has been queen for just a few days, following the death of her father, king george

vi. >> shortly after the king's death the queen's uncle holds a dinner party at his house in hampshire. >> lord louis mountbatten played a key role in the young life of his nephew philip. >> when philip is a child the greek family are deposed and they flee to exile and his father has no time for him. >> louis mountbatten takes over as prince philip's guardian, and so he sees him as his son really. lord mountbatten had always had domestic ambitions for his nephew philip. he was like some sort of medieval character plotting the advance of his own dynasty. >> lord mountbatten makes a radical pronouncement. the house of windsor should take philip's name. >> mountbatten asks everyone present to raise a glass to the house of mountbatten.

in this he's saying, the house of windsor is dead, the house of mountbatten is the next monarchy. >> but what he hadn't reckoned with was the wall of opposition from the really formidable queen mary, who was elizabeth's grandmother. and she took a very dim view of it. >> what has this damned fool got to do with the name of this house? >> queen mary's husband, george v, was the king who'd begun the house of windsor. >> queen mary goes to winston churchill and said, look, this is what mountbatten is plotting. >> people are suspicious of mountbatten. they're suspicious of his role, of him moving forward, trying to influence the queen and prince philip. >> it's a huge dilemma for the queen. she knows how much it means to philip. but on this occasion she has to side with churchill against her husband.

>> and indeed it came to cabinet, who decided that the royal house would remain the house of windsor. >> i think one has to remember just how young the queen was at this time. she had no experience of being queen. and so, of course she's going to listen to the prime minister. >> winston churchill was a friend of her father's, and he was the man who people saw as having won the war. >> he's an incredibly formidable figure. and the idea that this very young, almost child-like queen, should defy the prime minister, that is completely off limits. >> the queen issues a proclamation, the name of the royal house will remain windsor. for the first time in british history, heirs to the throne will take their family name from their mother and not their father. >> for philip this is a terrible, terrible humiliation. >> a typical marriage at that social rank in the early 1950s would be one with a superior

husband and a charming, deferential wife. had prince philip married anybody else, that's what he would have got. >> he thought to himself, well, there's no other father in the united kingdom who can't give his own name to his own children. >> i'm just a bloody amoeba, he said. it's a terrible slight to his masculinity. >> and there's more humiliation to come. >> when all this turmoil is going on, prince philip at least has one thing which he can cling to, one place where he can feel sort of safe, which is clarence house. >> prince philip's idea is we stay at clarence house and you work from buckingham palace. >> but tommy lascelles, the private secretary and winston churchill, the prime minister, overruled him. >> the queen agrees and moves her family into buckingham palace. >> adding to the duke of edinburgh's frustration is the

fact that when they arrive at buckingham palace, still living there of course is his mother-in-law. >> the queen mother, queen elizabeth, was very reluctant to leave. >> so, that's never easy. however big a place is, and she'd been queen of england. that was quite awkward, all that situation. >> the queen mother and prince philip are not natural soulmates. she would have seen him as a sort of brash, kind of independent type of person. he would have seen her as very conservative. >> the queen mother has a huge amount of influence over her daughter and says i know how things are done. >> the queen retains her parents' courtiers. these royal advisers are traditionalists, determined to keep an iron grip on the running of the palace. >> and of course these courtiers think that because the queen is just a woman, she's a young woman, that they can have all

the influence because she'll be so easy to control. and philip is shut out. >> for quite a macho chap, that secondary role, a step behind his wife, i think was a difficult role. >> he was observed to be at a very low ebb. he just seems very depressed. >> the queen realized that philip has to do something. she can't expect a man of his energy to be unemployed. >> against the advice of the palace old guard the queen puts philip in charge of organizing the ceremony in which he will be officially crowned. >> king james' palace with the newly appointed coronation commission presided over by the duke of edinburgh. >> these courtiers, they have very, very traditional ideas about how things should be done. they were only to stay exactly the same. but philip thinks the royal family needs to modernize to survive.

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june 1953. journalists from around the globe descend upon london to cover queen elizabeth ii's coronation. >> the world's finest equipment in the world will be used, including the largest ftelephot lenses in the world to bring the complete magnificent spectacle to this theater. >> months earlier the bbc had made an unprecedented request, to televise the coronation live. previous ceremonies had been filmed but always edited before being broadcast. >> the queen's instinct is to exclude television from the abbey. she feels the whole coronation

is going to be an enormous strain, and to have her every movement spied upon by the lens is too much for her. she thinks, i really don't want this. >> and of course with the courtiers, there's a lot of snobbery. >> there's a terrible feeling that people might be watching the coronation in unsuitable modes. they might be having their feet on the sofa and not being sufficiently dignified. >> the queen agrees with her advisers. buckingham palace announces the coronation will not be broadcast live. there is a public outcry. >> the british newspapers, notably "the daily express" and "the daily mirror" take the side of the public. they suggest to their readers that the politicians in the palace don't want you to see the coronation. and if you like, they stir up trouble. >> but the bbc, the press, and the public have a surprising ally. >> prince philip felt very strongly the coronation should be televised. you can see times are changing. you couldn't continue to do

things behind closed doors all the time. he understood this was an unbelievably good opportunity to make the nation feel closely connected to the monarchy. >> there is and always has been an interesting difference between the queen and the duke of edinburgh. the queen is naturally a conservative individual. she believes in tradition. she likes to do things the way they've been done before. the duke of edinburgh is dynamic. he is forward-looking. he is a young man in a hurry. >> she was anxious, but philip tries to persuade her that this is a way for her to reach millions and millions of her subjects. >> he plays a key role in helping to bring the queen round to the idea and make her comfortable with it. >> eventually she says, yes.

>> on coronation day, crowds line the streets hoping for a glimpse of their queen. and across the nation, people gather to watch it live on television. >> now, like a great seventh wave the cheering grows to its climax. into the forecourt of the palace comes the guilded coach bearing the young queen. >> we were waiting in westminster abbey, and we suddenly hear this roar. and suddenly around the corner came this golden coach. it was like a disney film, absolutely extraordinary. and there we saw the queen for the first time. her dress was so beautiful. satin handles under it so it sort of flowed under our hands. >> we got in place, and then the queen turned around with a

radiant smile and said, ready girls? we said, yes ma'am, and off we went. ♪ >> it was like a medieval tapestry. >> she goes now to forego the guard, the promises which she has made. >> the coronation is a very ancient religious ceremony. and at the heart of it, there is this sacred right of the anointing of the monarch by the archbishop of canterbury. >> there you saw her. she looked very vulnerable and alone. and i thought, goodness, what a weight is on this girl's shoulders? because she was only a girl.

>> a moment of anointing, a moment so important, history can scarcely go deep enough. >> the anointment means so much to the queen because she believes she was divine sanction for her power, that she was chosen by god. >> the anointing with the holy oil, it's a symbol really, which i think she felt changed her from being an ordinary person into being a queen. >> two-thirds of all adults in the uk are tuned in via television to the coronation. >> people were thrilled and everybody crowded around these minuscule television sets to watch. >> this was completely revolutionary that people could get up close and personal with the queen.

>> 27 million people watched this ceremony. the use of the new medium of television, it vindicates prince philip, and it vindicates the idea that we need to modernize the monarchy. >> the coronation was a magnificent pageant. but as people were coming onto the abbey, a little event took place, which was to cause the queen terrible anguish in the years to come. >> when queen elizabeth's younger sister, princess margaret, is caught shattering a royal taboo, it threatens to undermine the monarch's young reign.

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the coronation is a triumph for the young queen. but as the guests leave westminster abbey, an incident takes place that jeopardizes elizabeth's reign before it's hardly begun. >> the queen's sister, princess margaret, was seen brushing a bit of fluff off the uniform of a household official, senior household official. >> she picked it off his uniform, but it was such a loving gesture. >> but standing nearby is a very sharp-eyed journalist, and she recognizes that this is an act of such intimacy that there is something going on between

princess margaret and royal servant captain peter townsend. >> it's a scandal. peter townsend is not only a royal servant. he's also 16 years older than the princess, and divorced with two young children. >> there is a horror in the royal family. they regard divorce with a sort of almost superstitious dread. >> 17 years earlier, the queen's uncle edward viii abdicated to marry american divorcee wallis simpson. elizabeth's father reluctantly took on the throne. >> i think we have to remember that the queen is not only a devout christian, but she's also the head of the church of england. >> the church of england at this time does not recognize divorce. it means that the queen is very conflicted.

the royal court reacts very badly to the news of a romance between margaret and townsend. but a lot of ordinary people very much sympathized with margaret and townsend. and i do think that the senior courtiers were really rather out of step with the mood of the nation. >> so when the press does stop talking about it, there's a great divide between those who think divorce is unacceptable and those who feel, let love prevail. >> margaret's profile in the 1950s is of a beautiful, iconic princess. she was a real star, really almost like the hollywood stars. she's very beautiful. she photographs marvelously. she's always in the papers. and there is constant speculation who is the princess' favorite suitor.

>> peter townsend was a war hero, very good-looking. he was known as this dashing air force pilot. his reputation was a wonderful one. >> margaret desperately wants to marry townsend, but the problem is that she is 22. and any member of the royal family under the age of 25 needs to have the consent of the ruling monarch. the decision is not in margaret's hands. it's in the hands of her sister, the queen. >> the queen is in a terrible bind really over this because she loves her sister. she would like her to be happy. but the queen's instincts were not to do anything that would undermine the monarchy. the royal family traditionally was supposed to be an image of ourselves behaving well. and if the royal family started to behave badly, then it could cut at the root of the people's loyalty to the crown.

>> so, once that image of perfect family life becomes tarnished, can we justify all that taxpayers' money going on this? >> margaret's fate lies in her sister's hands. >> the queen decided to say, i'm not saying no, that you can't marry him, but i'd like you to wait. >> on the advice of her courtiers, the queen agrees to banish the man her sister loves. >> the british embassy in brussels recently attracted a number of cameras, which focused on the arrival of group captain peter townsend. having driven his own car to the line, he'll take up his new appointment as air attache. >> peter townsend is exiled to belgium for two years. >> it's a case of getting rid of townsend, getting him out of the way. >> my father was asked to leave the country, the country he

served as a fighter pilot during the second world war, and i think that was very difficult for him. >> princess margaret finds this incredibly hurtful. two years when you're 23, two years is a long time. >> the queen hopes she has defused the scandal, but two years later townsend returns. >> excitement bubbles like champagne in london as group captain peter townsend returns from diplomatic duties in belgium to call on princess margaret. and perhaps a climactic phase opens in the much publicized royal romance that's had the western world agog. >> margaret is now 25 and legally able to decide who she should marry. she doesn't need the consent of the queen. >> the queen does what she always does in a crisis, which is to bury her head in the sand. so, she tries not to get involved, to leave it to her advisers. >> and her advisers, as well as

the british government, are still opposed to margaret marrying peter townsend. >> the prime minister said, if you marry townsend, you've got to abandon your royal status. >> for somebody who's been brought up like she's been brought up, this is not a very alluring prospect. >> for three weeks they are harried by the press. they go from place to place, agonizingly trying to make up their minds. >> frantic sensationalism, and the whole thing turned into a circus. >> wherever princess margaret went out, people in the crowd shouted, go on maggie, marry him anyway. >> at this stage it was still asked will they become engaged? >> royal duty and consideration for her sister's position comes

into her feelings very strongly. she wouldn't knowingly do anything that would damage the queen or damage the idea of the monarchy. >> princess monarchy wavered i think tremendously. one moment she thought she could. the next moment she thought she couldn't, you know? >> finally, on october 31, 1955, princess margaret issues a statement. >> we are interrupting programs for a special announcement. i would like it to be known that i have decided not to marry group captain peter townsend. mindful of the church's teaching that christian marriage is insoluble, i have resolved to put these considerations before any others. >> i think it was sadness for a long time. i always think the first person one falls in love with, one always has a twinge of regret, a sort of longing, you know. and i think the first person you fall in love with is something special. >> princess margaret sacrificed

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philip and elizabeth are a golden couple. they're young. they're beautiful. already they have a very practiced double act. but behind the scenes, the people around the queen can sense that he's restless. >> philip is struggling with living in the shadow of his powerful wife. >> her idea was that she would wear the crown, but he would wear the trousers. he organized the home. he decided where the children should go to school. all the domestic matters were decided by prince philip. here is a young, spirited man, huge energy. his whole world becomes circumscribed. and of course he does itch for a bit of freedom. >> you let off steam by going to what's known as the thursday club in soho which is more of the red light district really of

london. >> the thursday club is a predominantly male luncheon club. it was a place philip felt he could sort of escape and let his hair down in private. and there was a lot of drink drunk and a lot of dirty jokes told and a general sort of air of dissoluteness. >> and of course prince philip occasionally would go out in the evening with friends, and once or twice he found himself in a nightclub late at night. he was seen dancing with an attractive young actress. he might only have met her that evening. but some of his behavior was considered fast and reckless by courtiers at the time. >> but the british press, deferential toward the royal family, largely ignores rumors of philip's partying. >> it's a very difficult problem for the queen because of the way that she'd been brought up in

this royal bubble. she had no idea of the sort of bohemian world that existed outside the walls of buckingham palace. >> and we get a slight feeling, i think, within the royal marriage of a kind of separateness. >> so, when he came back smelling rather heavily of drink i think she was uneasy about it and she retreated rather into herself. >> and there to see off the duke of edinburgh are the queen, princess anne and the duke of cornwall. >> in 1956 philip leaves for a solo tour of the commonwealth, triggering widespread speculation. >> the official reason for it is that he's opening the olympic games in australia. but he's away for about four months and very, very slow to come home. >> even at the time, there were people asking questions about why the duke of edenburg was away for so long. was he trying to get away from the queen? what was happening? to that is added a scandal.

not just a whiff of scandal but a real scandal. >> a shadow falls on the last stages of the duke of edinburgh's tour. mike parker his friend and secretary has resigned. >> mike parker, who is prince philip's private secretary, leaves the tour early. he's being divorced by his wife for adultery. >> certain london papers have given front page publicity to his family troubles. >> so, what's going on here? his best friend's getting divorced. he's his closest companion and ally. is something similar going on in the life of prince philip? >> mike parker had introduced prince philip into this slightly disreputable soho world. and people think, that well, you know, they're all at it in the thursday club. >> this led to an enormous amount of rumor and speculation that the duke was playing away from hem, you know, that he was having affairs. >> in the 1950s, divorce is seen as a form of social suicide. and i think in the queen's

social network, the expectation was that whatever happened, you had to, you know, put up with it. grit your teeth and carry on. >> rumors that there might be cracks in the queen's marriage threatened to undermine the moral authority of the monarchy in british society. >> the usual response of buckingham palace to speculation about the royal marriage is basically neither to confirm nor to deny. >> buckingham palace felt that it was important to just lance the boil. and they did issue a statement saying there is no royal rift. >> there was a concerted effort, both on their part and on the parts of the establishment to show that their relationship, and therefore the monarchy, was a unit. >> in a public display of commitment to her husband, the queen honors philip with a more senior title, elevating his status within the royal family.

>> before he married the queen, he was prince philip of greece. then he was made the duke of edinburgh. but as a direct result of this controversial trip to the commonwealth the queen made her husband a prince of the united kingdom. that's when he became prince philip. >> we don't actually know what went on inside their domestic lives because everybody is image materially discrete about it. shortly after that two more children were born, prince andrew and prince edward, living proof they had a solid relationship. >> but the royal family is soon under attack again, and this time the criticism is leveled at the queen.

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in an article in his journal, the national and english review, he voices criticism of the queen and her court. >> the attack comes from a committed monarchist. lord altringham is the son of a former royal courtier. >> i think my father had real concerns in a world where republics had become the norm and monarchy the exception, that monarchy would be seen as an anachronism. >> he was concerned with the way the monarchy is run. he's critical of the courtiers, the old guard around the queen. and he's particularly critical of the words they put into the queen's mouth. >> i thank you for inviting me and my husband here tonight, and for the kind references you have made to my family. >> he said that she was forced to speak platitudes and that she spoke in the voice of a british schoolgirl.

>> i give a toast to the royal air force. >> these criticisms were received with absolute horror by the palace. >> it was absolutely not done to criticize the queen in the 1950s. she was almost a deified figure. >> the tabloid press in particular sensationalized it and represented him as a tracer. >> he was given a fierce grilling on national television. as he was leaving the broadcasting studio, he was struck quite hard around the face by a member of the league of empire loyalists. >> but one or two of the courtiers said altringham has a point. we really must begin to move the monarchy in a slightly new direction that is less looking to the past and more to the future. >> once again the queen is torn between maintaining tradition or reinventing her monarchy.

two months after altringham's very public critique, the queen arrives in america on an official greeting. >> this is like nothing else on earth. quite a lot of new confetti so that after the first few yards, the queen looks like a bride again. >> she uses the trip to experiment with a more informal way of interacting with the public. >> when it was announced that the queen was coming to see a university of maryland football game and visit a shopping center in the area, it sort of caught you by surprise. >> following the criticisms made by lord altringham, the queen seeks to sort of modernize and update her style. >> she took a lot of time greeting people, shaking hands, fascinated by the size of the grocery store, fascinated by the carts, by the way people shopped and got food and everything.

>> the whole thing was extraordinarily alien to her. she's shy. she's very stiff. but she tries. >> what's happening here is something that's very characteristic of queen elizabeth, which is that when people criticize she listens and she changes. >> but will this modern queen approve of her sister's latest romance? four years after parting from peter townsend, princess margaret has a new and unconventional boyfriend. >> tony armstrong jones is a brilliant photographer. long before he meets princess margaret, he's made his name. he has a very good social background, but he is not an aristocrat. tony is absolutely at the cutting edge of the approaching '60s revolution. >> the 1960s is a decade that witnesses great social, cultural, and political change. in britain, there's a real

liberalization in terms of how ordinary people are behaving. >> tony wears a polo neck sweater when he goes out instead of a collar and tie. his assistants have to stitch up his jeans so tightly. tight jeans were just coming in then. >> he was a real breath of fresh air, completely different from anybody she'd known or gone out with. of course he had huge sex appeal, huge sex appeal. tony has a room. it overlooks the river. it's old and romantic. it's a place you can get away from everybody. and he takes her down there on his motor bike. can you imagine a royal princess getting on a motorbike and driving down to a flat in ratherheim? it's quite -- sort of unthinkable really. tony would cook a steak and salad, and princess margaret would then put on the rubber gloves and do the washing up. >> when the announcement of the

betrothal was made from clarence house, the reaction everywhere was not only one of surprise but also of the greatest pleasure. throughout britain and all over the world. >> it was a tremendous shock to everybody. we all expected her to marry some aristocrat because in those days, they didn't really marry commoners. it was a very happy wedding. i mean, by that time you're used to the idea of her marrying him, and we were thrilled. >> since westminster abbey was first built on thames side there could hardly be a more beautiful may wedding than this. >> the queen likes tony very much. he is very personable. he can be extremely charming. >> the queen was delighted that her sister had found somebody who was going to look after her and love her.

>> but some people can see that this is not going to be a marriage made in heaven. >> tony very much embraced the sexual freedoms of the '60s, everywhere really you can think of. loads of girlfriends and i think a few boyfriends. he did lead, we have to admit, a rather -- many in the court had heard stories of tony's goings-on. they were frightened that he might mar the princess in some scandal. >> here they are intensely in love, wildly in love, but there is danger ahead. us all a brand new iphone 13. (dad allen) we've been customers for years. (dad brown) i thought new phones were for new customers. we got iphone 13s, too. switched to verizon two minutes ago. (mom brown) ours were busted and we still got a shiny new one. (boy brown) check it out! (dad allen) so, wait. everybody gets the same great deal? (mom allen) i think that's the point. (vo) iphone 13 on us

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by the mid-1960s, the queen and prince philip are increasingly eclipsed by princess margaret and her husband, tony. >> in 1965, margaret and tony go off to the states for a three-week, five-city tour. this glamorous couple take the united states by storm. >> they are on an official visit, representing the queen,

and are treated like movie stars. >> margaret is, possibly, the first royal celebrity. she and elizabeth taylor are the two most-photographed women in the world. >> they touched down in san francisco to mobs. and the best glimpse that they got of them was when they took a ride on the famous san francisco cable cars. >> appealing to the americans is the fact that this is a very informal visit and every news reel, tv, and newspaper company did its best for pictures. >> princess margaret's next stop is the epicenter of fame and glamour, hollywood. she and tony tour the movie studios. >> hollywood may be the city where dreams are made but doesn't leave much time to relax. >> they received an open-arm welcome on the set of the

hitchcock film "tom curtain." paul newman and julie andrews and margaret, who loves the stars, is just in 7th heaven. they are having a ball. >> just as they like to party back in london, they also like to party in the states. and they never gave up for the entire trip. >> hollywood laid out its red carpet in what was perhaps its most important social trip in its illustrious history. >> they were usually the last to go at parties. they stayed till 2:00 a.m., 3:00 a.m., when everybody else was exhausted. >> after one very select party, princess margaret, it was reported, was a little bit indisposed the next day. >> there is considerable criticism from the british press that they are partying a lot. >> when news breaks of margaret's extravagant behavior, the queen faces a serious problem. >> in the 1960s, the royal family are, essentially, funded through public payment.

that is, essentially, taxpayers' money, that is reallocated to the royals. and the public start wondering why are we paying for the royals to go abroad. are we getting value from the royal family? >> the royal family is having some image problems. >> by 1968, the queen understands she needs to transform public perception of the monarchy. she approves the filming of a documentary about her family. elizabeth, philip, charles, and andrew and edward, will be the subject of a television special following them over the course of a year. >> the idea of a fly-on-the-wall documentary is seen as a good way to demonstrate that they are an ordinary family. philip, being the modernizer that he is, encourages the whole

thing. >> i have terrible trouble in short body, long arms. >> this is an intimate glimpse of the royal family. so we are going to be introduced to them as personalities, as opposed to distant personas. >> the documentary is the first time the queen has allowed her family to be filmed in such a relaxed and informal way. >> the barbecue scene caught everybody's imagination because it was about as cozy a family scene as you could have seen. prince edward was sitting on the top of the landing and charles making a salad dressing. >> i thought it was a nice thing to do. just to show, you know, they're

different but not so different. they're still family people. >> and the other one was to see her taking prince edward into the shop at balmoral to buy him an ice cream. >> would you like to go and get one? >> one of the golden rules had been that their conversation was not to be recorded when they were out and about doing public events. >> token as a memento of your visit here. >> though the public saw and heard them, i think, in a way that was entirely new. >> the public are ecstatic. they never believed that the queen, prince philip, and their children, could be just like them. >> huge ratings. i think 24 million people in britain watched. and then the extraordinary thing about it, the puzzling thing, is that now you cannot see it at all. it's been almost wiped from the archives. and i think that was a tipping point at which times the royal family felt that perhaps they had let their guard down too much. >> the point of the queen is

there's a mystique about her. and if you get too close and find out too much, you lose that. and i think that was something that worried them. >> there is this terrible balance that they've got to strike between being extraordinary and being ordinary. and they came to the conclusion that they were being too ordinary. >> the queen succeeds in withdrawing the documentary. but by then, it's really too late. the damage is done. the public and the press have got a taste for this more intrusive style of royal coverage after the 1969 documentary. we see a much more explosive form of media coverage develop very quickly, which is set on exposing the impropriety that exists behind closed palace doors. >> next on "the windsors." >> charles had no choice in his life at all. >> everybody is pressuring him to find a wife. >> but this was not a love match. >> till death us do part.

>> till death us do part. >> diana feels lost and abandoned. >> she was so thin. she was painfully thin. >> she is, in essence, a ticking >> she is, in essence, a ticking time bomb. -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com prince charles, the future king of england, has a dangerous secret. a secret which threatens the entire house of windsor. he's in love with a married woman. >> and isn't that a sight? >> the queen expects him to produce an heir, and she hopes he's found the perfect bride. >> for better, for worse -- >> for